PENGARUH CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO (CAR), NON PERFORMING LOAN (NPL), DAN NET INTEREST MARGIN (NIM) TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS DAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PERIODE 2022-2024

Abstract

This study aims to analyse the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Loan (NPL), and Net Interest Margin (NIM) on Profitability and Firm Value in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2022–2024 period. This study employs a quantitative approach utilizing secondary data derived from financial and annual reports published on the IDX. The sampling technique was conducted using purposive sampling, resulting in 16 companies that met the criteria, with a total of 48 observation data points over the 2022–2024 period. Data analysis was performed using Smart-PLS version 3.0 through classical assumption tests (normality and multicollinearity tests), structural equation modelling, coefficient of determination, and hypothesis testing. The results indicate that Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) has a positive but insignificant effect on Profitability, Non-Performing Loan (NPL) has a negative and significant effect on Profitability, and Net Interest Margin (NIM) has a positive and significant effect on Profitability. Furthermore, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) has a positive but insignificant effect on Firm Value, Non-Performing Loan (NPL) has a positive but insignificant effect on Firm Value, Net Interest Margin (NIM) has a negative but insignificant effect on Firm Value, and Profitability has a positive and significant effect on Firm Value. The indirect test results show that Profitability is unable to mediate the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) on Firm Value, but it successfully mediates the effects of Non-Performing Loan (NPL) and Net Interest Margin (NIM) on Firm Value.