Potret Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Petani: Evaluasi Tingkat Kerawanan Pangan dan Profil Sosial Ekonomi di Kabupaten Aceh Besar
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kerawanan pangan serta menggambarkan karakteristik sosial ekonomi rumah tangga petani di Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif deskriptif, dengan sampel 120 rumah tangga petani yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Kerawanan pangan diukur menggunakan dua instrumen utama: Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) dan Food Consumption Score (FCS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara konsumsi pangan dan akses pangan. Meskipun seluruh rumah tangga (100%) memiliki Skor Konsumsi Pangan (FCS) dalam kategori baik, 78% di antaranya tergolong rawan pangan berdasarkan HFIAS. Kerawanan ini utamanya dipicu oleh kecemasan terhadap ketersediaan pangan dan penurunan kualitas konsumsi. Kerentanan tertinggi ditemukan pada rumah tangga yang dikepalai oleh perempuan (33,3%) dan keluarga berpendapatan rendah yang hanya bergantung pada usaha tani padi (94,2%). Secara mengejutkan, petani dengan penguasaan lahan yang lebih luas (>1 ha) justru menghadapi tingkat kerawanan pangan yang lebih berat. Temuan tidak terduga ini berkaitan dengan tingginya biaya produksi dan kurangnya diversifikasi pendapatan. Sebagai kesimpulan, meskipun tingkat konsumsi pangan terpantau memadai, rumah tangga petani tetap sangat rentan terhadap kerawanan pangan akibat ketidakstabilan ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan ketahanan jangka panjang memerlukan upaya diversifikasi usaha tani yang terarah serta perluasan akses ekonomi yang inklusif.
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