The Language of Cyber Gender Anonymity on Hololive Virtual Youtubers
Abstract
Hololive Production is a virtual YouTuber agency which accommodates 71 active talents (VTubers) with 65 million subscribers on YouTube. Hololive protects its talents’ privacy by giving them unreal names and avatars. Some viewers intend to find real identities of the talents, some others ignore the real personalities, while many of them keep secret although they know the real person behind the unreal avatar. Then, how is cyber gender anonymity characterized on the privacy of Hololive Virtual Youtubers? Using qualitative method, this article indicates necessity of cyber gender anonymity to keep Hololive’s talents’ identities safe. This is supported by Judith Butler’s posture of gender and Philip Zimbardo’s deindividuation. Unreal characters and names for VTubers are for anonymities but some viewers are doxing and making fun of them. Viewers want the streamers to be open and clear, but Hololive VTubers want to be anonymous and opaque. That idea contradicts sexual differences and gender anonymities that include tensions of being rigid and flexible. In conclusion, Hololive does not live static condition, but moves through ambiguous avatar of cyber anonymity. Anonymity could always be endangered; laws protect them but attacks to psychological condition is inevitable.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Annasai, A. A., Wijaya, K., & Pasopati, R. U. (2023). Matter of Superiority Complex as Depicted on Leo Tolstoy’s The Three Hermits. Proceeding International Conference on Religion, Science and Education, 727–734.
Asenbaum, H. (2018). Anonymity and democracy: Absence as presence in the public sphere. In American Political Science Review (Vol. 112, Issue 3).
Attamimi, F. N., Smarandreetha, F. G., & Pasopati, R. U. (2023). Idealized Female Beauty as Represented in Alessia Cara’s Song Scars to Your Beautiful. Alungcipta Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 1(3), 110–117.
Avast. (2021). What is doxxing? https://www.avast.com/c-what-is-doxxing
Bagtayan, Z. A., & Lantowa, J. (2022). Psychology Analysis of Main Character in the Novel Gitanjali by Febrialdi R. Pioneer: Journal of Language and Literature, 14(1), 220–234.
Borgerson, J. (2007). Judith Butler. In Fifty Key Sociologists: The Contemporary Theorists. https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-6746.2020.3.38662
Butler, J. (1988). Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory. Theatre Journal, 40(4), 519. https://doi.org/10.2307/3207893
Butler, J. (2010). Performative agency. Journal of Cultural Economy, 3(2), 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2010.494117
Chang, J. (2008). The role of anonymity in deindividuated behavior: A comparison of deindividuation theory and the social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE). The Pulse, 6(1), 1–9.
Chen, V. H. H., & Wu, Y. (2015). Group identification as a mediator of the effect of players anonymity on cheating in online games. Behaviour and Information Technology, 34(7), 658–667. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2013.843721
Christie, C., & Dill, E. (2016). Evaluating peers in cyberspace: The impact of anonymity. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 292–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.024
Dąbrowska, M. (2014). Communicating Emotions Online: The Function of Anonymity and Gender. Rhetoric, 14.
Gamerant.com. (2020). Kiryu Coco, Virtual Youtuber Hololive Taiwan Suspension. https://gamerant.com/kiryu-coco-virtual-youtuber-hololive-taiwan-suspension/
Halder, D., & Jaishankar, K. (2011). Cyber gender harassment and secondary victimization: A comparative analysis of the United States, the UK, and India. Victims and Offenders, 6(4), 386–398.
Hamidah, G. F. A., Rengganis, D. A., Budianto, S., & Pasopati, R. U. (2023). Gynocriticism As Bolstered On Margaret Atwood’s Giving Birth. Jurnal Multidisiplin Dehasen, 2(2), 225–232.
Hidayat, S., Juliandina, L., & Yusuf, R. M. (2022). The Cultural Identity of the Main Character of the Film Green Book. Pioneer: Journal of Language and Literature, 14(2), 392. https://doi.org/10.36841/pioneer.v14i2.2344
Hololive. (2020). Hololive Indonesia. https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02M9uwy3yNduRS5rhAHYbwZ7x2GdFkxo7mZZBVngYzMZU2AmVpxAdrGRpLPXKYreq3l&id=108806367277672
HololiveIDFans. (2020). HololiveIDFans. https://www.facebook.com/groups/669392270516284/posts/836814990440677/
HololiveOfficial. (2020). An Important Announcement Regarding Mano Aloe. https://twitter.com/hololive_en/status/1300236867040882690
HololiveOfficialTwitter. (2020). Hololive Official Twitter. https://twitter.com/hololive_en/status/1300236867040882690
Ibrahim, L. N., Calista, S. N., & Pasopati, R. U. (2023). The Relevance of God’s Voice in Conscience and Its Impact to Character Building. Proceeding International Conference on Religion, Science and Education, 349–355.
Kang, R., Brown, S., & Kiesler, S. (2013). Why do people seek anonymity on the Internet? Informing policy and design. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings, April 2013, 2657–2666. https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2481368
Khan, M. L., & Ingenhoff, D. (2018). Social media engagement : What motivates user participation and consumption on youTube. Academia.Edu, 247.
Lapidot-Lefler, N., & Barak, A. (2012). Effects of anonymity, invisibility, and lack of eye-contact on toxic online disinhibition. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 434–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.10.014
Leavitt, A. (2015). “This is a Throwaway Account”: Temporary Technical Identities and Perceptions of Anonymity in a Massive Online Community. 317–327. https://doi.org/10.1145/2675133.2675175
Lee, G., & Sanchez, M. (2018). Cyber Bullying behaviors, anonymity, and General Strain Theory: A study of undergraduate students at a South Eastern University in the United States. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 12(1), 84–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1467846
Liudmila, B. (2020). Designing identity in VTuber Era. ConVRgence (VRIC) Virtual Reality Inter- National Conference Proceedings.
Mamat, R., Rashid, R. A., Paee, R., & Ahmad, N. (2022). VTubers and anime culture: A case study of Japanese learners in two public universities in Malaysia. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6.
Perfumi, S. C., Bagnoli, F., Caudek, C., & Guazzini, A. (2019). Deindividuation effects on normative and informational social influence within computer-mediated-communication. Computers in Human Behavior, 92(October 2018), 230–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.017
Playboard.co. (2020). Most Superchatted All Channels in Worldwide Total. https://playboard.co/en/youtube-ranking/most-superchatted-all-channels-in-worldwide-total
Pujimahanani, C., Pasopati, R. U., & Anasis, F. (2022). Gender Performativity as Asserted on Kate Chopin’s A Respectable Woman. Anaphora: Journal of Language, Literary, and Cultural Studies, 5(1), 92–103.
Reagle, J. (2013). “Free as in Sexist?” Free culture and The Gender Gap. First Monday, 18(1).
Reddit. (2020a). Her Name was Mano Aloe.
https://www.reddit.com/r/HobbyDrama/comments/jeui8v/virtual_youtubers_her_name_was_mano_aloe_a_fan/
Reddit. (2020b). Important Announcement Regarding Mano Aloe.
https://www.reddit.com/r/VirtualYoutubers/comments/j0psqn/cover_just_released_an_statement_regarding_the/
Saha, T., & Srivastava, A. (2014). Indian women at risk in the cyber space: A conceptual model of reasons of victimization. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 8(1), 57–67.
Sarmi, N. N., Kirana, K. S., Wijaya, K., & Pasopati, R. U. (2023). Authenticity and Its Discontent as Reflected on Heinrich Böll’s The Laugher. LET: Linguistics, Literature and English Teaching Journal, 13(1), 68–84.
Smith, M. F., Salsabila, S., Kartiningsih, R., & Pasopati, R. U. (2023). The Psychodynamic Analysis of Trauma Suffered by Archer Hale in Mia Sheridan’s Archer’s Voice. TANDA: Jurnal Kajian Budaya, Bahasa Dan Sastra, 3(2), 1–12.
Svensson, M., Larsson, S., & De Kaminski, M. (2013). Professionalization, Gender and Anonymity in the Global File Sharing Community. Piracy Effect, 1–8. http://www.cinergie.it/wp-content/uploads/2013
TheCinemaholic.com. (2020). Why is Kiryu Coco Leaving Hololive? https://thecinemaholic.com/why-is-kiryu-coco-leaving-hololive/
Turner, A. B. (2022). Streaming as a Virtual Being: The Complex Relationship Between VTubers and Identity. Malmo University.
Vilanova, F., Beria, F. M., Costa, Â. B., & Koller, S. H. (2017). Deindividuation: From Le Bon to the social identity model of deindividuation effects. Cogent Psychology, 4(1).
VirtualYoutuberFandom. (2020). Kiryu Coco. https://virtualyoutuber.fandom.com/wiki/Kiryu_Coco
Wright, M. F. (2013). The relationship between young adults’ beliefs about anonymity and subsequent cyber aggression. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(12), 858–862.
Zhao, L., Wu, Y., Huang, X., & Zhang, L. (2022). Network Anonymity and Cyberbullying among Chinese Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020637
Zimbardo, P. G. (1970). The Human Choice: Individuation, Reason, and Order versus Deindividuation, Impulse, and Chaos. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 7(1), 237–307.
Asenbaum, H. (2018). Anonymity and democracy: Absence as presence in the public sphere. In American Political Science Review (Vol. 112, Issue 3).
Attamimi, F. N., Smarandreetha, F. G., & Pasopati, R. U. (2023). Idealized Female Beauty as Represented in Alessia Cara’s Song Scars to Your Beautiful. Alungcipta Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 1(3), 110–117.
Avast. (2021). What is doxxing? https://www.avast.com/c-what-is-doxxing
Bagtayan, Z. A., & Lantowa, J. (2022). Psychology Analysis of Main Character in the Novel Gitanjali by Febrialdi R. Pioneer: Journal of Language and Literature, 14(1), 220–234.
Borgerson, J. (2007). Judith Butler. In Fifty Key Sociologists: The Contemporary Theorists. https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-6746.2020.3.38662
Butler, J. (1988). Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory. Theatre Journal, 40(4), 519. https://doi.org/10.2307/3207893
Butler, J. (2010). Performative agency. Journal of Cultural Economy, 3(2), 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2010.494117
Chang, J. (2008). The role of anonymity in deindividuated behavior: A comparison of deindividuation theory and the social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE). The Pulse, 6(1), 1–9.
Chen, V. H. H., & Wu, Y. (2015). Group identification as a mediator of the effect of players anonymity on cheating in online games. Behaviour and Information Technology, 34(7), 658–667. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2013.843721
Christie, C., & Dill, E. (2016). Evaluating peers in cyberspace: The impact of anonymity. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 292–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.024
Dąbrowska, M. (2014). Communicating Emotions Online: The Function of Anonymity and Gender. Rhetoric, 14.
Gamerant.com. (2020). Kiryu Coco, Virtual Youtuber Hololive Taiwan Suspension. https://gamerant.com/kiryu-coco-virtual-youtuber-hololive-taiwan-suspension/
Halder, D., & Jaishankar, K. (2011). Cyber gender harassment and secondary victimization: A comparative analysis of the United States, the UK, and India. Victims and Offenders, 6(4), 386–398.
Hamidah, G. F. A., Rengganis, D. A., Budianto, S., & Pasopati, R. U. (2023). Gynocriticism As Bolstered On Margaret Atwood’s Giving Birth. Jurnal Multidisiplin Dehasen, 2(2), 225–232.
Hidayat, S., Juliandina, L., & Yusuf, R. M. (2022). The Cultural Identity of the Main Character of the Film Green Book. Pioneer: Journal of Language and Literature, 14(2), 392. https://doi.org/10.36841/pioneer.v14i2.2344
Hololive. (2020). Hololive Indonesia. https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02M9uwy3yNduRS5rhAHYbwZ7x2GdFkxo7mZZBVngYzMZU2AmVpxAdrGRpLPXKYreq3l&id=108806367277672
HololiveIDFans. (2020). HololiveIDFans. https://www.facebook.com/groups/669392270516284/posts/836814990440677/
HololiveOfficial. (2020). An Important Announcement Regarding Mano Aloe. https://twitter.com/hololive_en/status/1300236867040882690
HololiveOfficialTwitter. (2020). Hololive Official Twitter. https://twitter.com/hololive_en/status/1300236867040882690
Ibrahim, L. N., Calista, S. N., & Pasopati, R. U. (2023). The Relevance of God’s Voice in Conscience and Its Impact to Character Building. Proceeding International Conference on Religion, Science and Education, 349–355.
Kang, R., Brown, S., & Kiesler, S. (2013). Why do people seek anonymity on the Internet? Informing policy and design. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings, April 2013, 2657–2666. https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2481368
Khan, M. L., & Ingenhoff, D. (2018). Social media engagement : What motivates user participation and consumption on youTube. Academia.Edu, 247.
Lapidot-Lefler, N., & Barak, A. (2012). Effects of anonymity, invisibility, and lack of eye-contact on toxic online disinhibition. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 434–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.10.014
Leavitt, A. (2015). “This is a Throwaway Account”: Temporary Technical Identities and Perceptions of Anonymity in a Massive Online Community. 317–327. https://doi.org/10.1145/2675133.2675175
Lee, G., & Sanchez, M. (2018). Cyber Bullying behaviors, anonymity, and General Strain Theory: A study of undergraduate students at a South Eastern University in the United States. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 12(1), 84–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1467846
Liudmila, B. (2020). Designing identity in VTuber Era. ConVRgence (VRIC) Virtual Reality Inter- National Conference Proceedings.
Mamat, R., Rashid, R. A., Paee, R., & Ahmad, N. (2022). VTubers and anime culture: A case study of Japanese learners in two public universities in Malaysia. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6.
Perfumi, S. C., Bagnoli, F., Caudek, C., & Guazzini, A. (2019). Deindividuation effects on normative and informational social influence within computer-mediated-communication. Computers in Human Behavior, 92(October 2018), 230–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.017
Playboard.co. (2020). Most Superchatted All Channels in Worldwide Total. https://playboard.co/en/youtube-ranking/most-superchatted-all-channels-in-worldwide-total
Pujimahanani, C., Pasopati, R. U., & Anasis, F. (2022). Gender Performativity as Asserted on Kate Chopin’s A Respectable Woman. Anaphora: Journal of Language, Literary, and Cultural Studies, 5(1), 92–103.
Reagle, J. (2013). “Free as in Sexist?” Free culture and The Gender Gap. First Monday, 18(1).
Reddit. (2020a). Her Name was Mano Aloe.
https://www.reddit.com/r/HobbyDrama/comments/jeui8v/virtual_youtubers_her_name_was_mano_aloe_a_fan/
Reddit. (2020b). Important Announcement Regarding Mano Aloe.
https://www.reddit.com/r/VirtualYoutubers/comments/j0psqn/cover_just_released_an_statement_regarding_the/
Saha, T., & Srivastava, A. (2014). Indian women at risk in the cyber space: A conceptual model of reasons of victimization. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 8(1), 57–67.
Sarmi, N. N., Kirana, K. S., Wijaya, K., & Pasopati, R. U. (2023). Authenticity and Its Discontent as Reflected on Heinrich Böll’s The Laugher. LET: Linguistics, Literature and English Teaching Journal, 13(1), 68–84.
Smith, M. F., Salsabila, S., Kartiningsih, R., & Pasopati, R. U. (2023). The Psychodynamic Analysis of Trauma Suffered by Archer Hale in Mia Sheridan’s Archer’s Voice. TANDA: Jurnal Kajian Budaya, Bahasa Dan Sastra, 3(2), 1–12.
Svensson, M., Larsson, S., & De Kaminski, M. (2013). Professionalization, Gender and Anonymity in the Global File Sharing Community. Piracy Effect, 1–8. http://www.cinergie.it/wp-content/uploads/2013
TheCinemaholic.com. (2020). Why is Kiryu Coco Leaving Hololive? https://thecinemaholic.com/why-is-kiryu-coco-leaving-hololive/
Turner, A. B. (2022). Streaming as a Virtual Being: The Complex Relationship Between VTubers and Identity. Malmo University.
Vilanova, F., Beria, F. M., Costa, Â. B., & Koller, S. H. (2017). Deindividuation: From Le Bon to the social identity model of deindividuation effects. Cogent Psychology, 4(1).
VirtualYoutuberFandom. (2020). Kiryu Coco. https://virtualyoutuber.fandom.com/wiki/Kiryu_Coco
Wright, M. F. (2013). The relationship between young adults’ beliefs about anonymity and subsequent cyber aggression. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(12), 858–862.
Zhao, L., Wu, Y., Huang, X., & Zhang, L. (2022). Network Anonymity and Cyberbullying among Chinese Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020637
Zimbardo, P. G. (1970). The Human Choice: Individuation, Reason, and Order versus Deindividuation, Impulse, and Chaos. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 7(1), 237–307.
Published
2023-06-30
How to Cite
WIJAYA, Kusuma et al.
The Language of Cyber Gender Anonymity on Hololive Virtual Youtubers.
Pioneer: Journal of Language and Literature, [S.l.], v. 15, n. 1, p. 1-15, june 2023.
ISSN 2655-8718.
Available at: <https://unars.ac.id/ojs/index.php/pioneer/article/view/2683>. Date accessed: 20 may 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.36841/pioneer.v15i1.2683.
Issue
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
An author who publishes in Pioneer: Journal of Language and Literature agrees to the following terms:
- Author retains the copyright and grants the journal the right of first publication of the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal
- Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book) with the acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Author is permitted and encouraged to post his/her work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
