THE ANALYSIS OF METAPHOR TRANSLATION IN THE NOVEL ANGELS AND DEMONS BY DAN BROWN

This research analyzed metaphor translation in the novel of Angels and Demons with the purposes to analyzing the technique of translation and to know the quality of metaphor translation found in the novel Angels and Demons. The data were analyzed by using the theory of metaphor by Larson (1998), technique of translation used theory of Molina and Albir (2002) and quality of translation used Translation Quality Assessment theory by Nababan (2012). The analysis started by analyzing metaphorical expression, classifying the technique of translation and identifying the quality of translation based on the theory that was use for this research. The findings revealed that there were 119 metaphor expressions with 84 live metaphors and 35 dead metaphors. The metaphor translation used nine techniques of translation and the quality of metaphor translation was qualified by the assessment 2.90.


INTRODUCTION
Metaphor was part of figurative language. Metaphor was a figure of speech in which a word or expression normally used one object and action which extended to another. According to Larson (1998:274), there were two types of metaphor. That was dead metaphor and live metaphor. Dead metaphor was a figure of speech which has lost the original imagery of its meaning due to extensive, repetitive, and popular usage such as the H[SUHVVLRQ ³WR NLFN WKH EXFNHW´ Live metaphor was defined as a metaphor which could be identified by its readers after they gave special attention to the primary meaning of the words which were used metaphorically. For example, RI WKH H[SUHVVLRQ ³*RG GRHV QRW SOD\ GLFH ZLWK WKH XQLYHUVH´ This research explained about translation technique based on Molina and Albir (2002) as one of the theories used in this research. Quality of translation was rated by three aspects, namely accuracy, acceptability, and readability in the Translation Quality Assessment (Nababan et al, 2012). The three aspects used in this research to rate the quality of metaphor translation.  Larson (1998), technique of translation theory by Molina and Albir (2002), and quality of translation in the Translation Quality Assessment theory by Nababan (2012).

Figurative Language
Figurative language is good languages that used to increase the effect of introduction and compare a certain thing with another which more general. In the other words, the utilizing of figurative language can change and appear a certain connotation (Dale et alin Tarigan, 1990:112). According to X.J. Kennedy, (1983: 481), figurative language consists of comparative, contradictive, relation and repetition figurative language.
Comparative figurative language consists of personification, metaphor, and simile. The researchers discussed about metaphor which was included into comparison of figurative language.

Metaphor
Metaphor was from Greek, namely metaphora which meant ³WR PRYH´ Meta meant ³DERYH PRUH WKDQ ´ DQG pherein meant ³WR EULQJ ´ Metaphor implied analogies that identified one object with another and ascribed to the first one more qualities or characteristics of the second referential element. According to Larson (1998:274), there were two types of metaphor, dead metaphor and live metaphor. Live metaphor was defined as a metaphor which identified by its readers after they gave special attention to the primary meaning of the words which were used metaphorically. For example: ³-RKQ ¶V GHFLVLRQ LV D QLJKWPDUH IRU KLV EURWKHU´ To understand the metaphor above, special attention has to be SDLG WR WKH SULPDU\ PHDQLQJ RI ³QLJKWPDUH´ 5HODWLQJ WR WKH WRSLF ³-RKQ ¶V GHFLVLRQ´ the readers will capture the message of this sentence, that the decision, whatever it was something that made her brother unhappy. Dead metaphors were those which were a part of constructions of lexicon of the language. When they used, the person who listens or reads does not think about the primary sense of the words, but only the idiomatic sense directly.
The dead metaphor was commonly defined as a metaphor which has lost its metaphorical sense. For example; ³/HJ RI WKH WDEOH´ is an idiom. There is a comparison between the table and the leg of person or animal. Such idiom is called a dead metaphor because the reader did not think of the comparison on which it was based.

Translation
According to Toury in Venuti (2002:496), translation is a communication in translated messages within a certain cultural-linguistics system, with all relevant consequences for the decomposition of the source message, the establishment of the invariant, its transfer across the cultural-linguistics border and the recomposition of the target language.

Technique of translation
The approach of technique of translation as is illustrated by Molina (1998)

Quality of translation
Honig (1997) in Nababan (2012:48) says that research of translation is repeatedly relate to the case of quality of translation. Nababan et al (2012:49) mentions that quality of translation definite by level of accuracy in transfer message or meaning, level of acceptability from source language into target language and level of readability of the translation text.

Novel of Angels and Demons
Dan Brown was the author of numerous #1 bestselling novels, including The Da Vinci Code, which has become one of the bestselling novels of all time as well as the subject of intellectual debate among readers and scholars. This novel told about the illumination brotherhood who attacked Chruch and he want to create the world with the antimaterial, rejected science and religion.

Previous Studies
The first, $QZDU ¶V thesis (2015) entitled ³$Q $QDO\VLV of Metaphor in American Gods Novel by 1HLO *LPDQ´. The researcher took a metaphor in American Gods novel Gaiman Neil as the topic of the study. There were some steps to analyze the data, they were identified the types and meaning of metaphor according to LarsRQ ¶V FODVVLILFDWLRQ identified the figurative language of metaphor and used connotative meaning, and the last is interpreted the data. Albir (2002) and Moentaha (2006). Then, it continued by analyzing the data of quality of the text translation which was obtained from the result of assessment in accuracy, acceptability, and readability.

METHODOLOGY
This research used a qualitative research in analyzing metaphor in the novel Angels and Demons and its translation novel Malaikat and Iblis. Both of the novels become the process of describing metaphor that was completely used metaphor theory, then found the translation technique and assessment quality translation in them.
Data in this study were the metaphor expressions which found in the story of Angels and Demons and Malaikat dan Iblis as its translation novel in Indonesian language written by Isma B. Koesalamwardi. This research has three informants as the rater in every aspect of accuracy, acceptability and readability. It was used to make the data qualified and accurate in order to assessment the quality of translation.
According to Arikunto (1997: 225-235), instrument was the tool when the researcher used a method so that instrument needed to get the data in a research. In this research, the researchers used questionnaire.

The data collection technique in this study was metaphor expression in the novel
Angles and Demons, it was taken by reading and comparing the novel with the translated version of the novel. The data was collected by sampling technique especially purposive sampling or criterion-based sampling, giving the data to the raters by questioner and interview in order to make the data valid, reliable and to get the rating of quality translation and then identifying the translation technique that was used in the novel Angel and Demons and its translation novel Malaikat dan Iblis, then submitting the data to get validation from the translation expert.
In analyzing the data, the researchers used three steps. There were classifying the types of metaphor in Angle and Demons and its translation novel Malaikat dan Iblis, based RQ /DUVRQ ¶V FODVVLILFDWLRQ classifying the translation technique using 0ROLQD DQG $OELU ¶V theory and classifying the accuracy, acceptability and readability using Nababan ¶V theory.

FINDING AND DISCUSSION
There were 119 data metaphor expressions found in the novel Angel and Demons from the counting each raters of the data.
The following were the table presentation of the translation technique, the frequency usage and quality of the metaphor translation, also componential table and score of quality of translation from each aspect.    Molina and Albir (2002) and Moentaha (2006). 7KDKDUD ¶V UHVHDUFK focused on simile translation but this research focused on metaphor translation.

Cultural Values
Metaphor as a part of figurative language could be a way of the authors or writers to express their ideas in a good diction and also as the identity of them. Metaphor was the expression of an understanding of one concept in terms of another concept, where there was similarity or correlation between the two. It was the understanding itself of one concept in terms of another. The translator must be smarter in shifting the message or main point of source language into target language in order to make the result of the translation to be accurate, acceptable and readable by the target readers based on their cultures and the rules of target language.

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
The result of the study showed there were 119 data of metaphor expressions, which were 84 live metaphors and 35 dead metaphors. It used nine techniques of translation (literal translation, adaptation, amplification, reduction, borrowing, compensation, established equivalence, generalization and transposition). The dominant technique translation was literal translation with the total data of 95. And the score of quality of translation was 2.90. It meant that the quality of translation was good because the rater could understand the accuracy, acceptability and readability easily based on the culture and the meaning of the metaphor expressions.
The researcher realized that this research was still need the developments study of the used of technique translation and suggests that the next researchers can improve the finding problem of translation. This research could give more knowledge and references for the beginners of researchers about translation, technique of translation and quality of translation.